Lutheran Worship (Part 18)
Sanctus thru Agnus Dei
Sanctus (4th Century, elements from Temple worship)
Holy, holy, holy Lord God of Sabaoth; heaven and earth are full of your glory.
Hosanna, hosanna, hosanna in the highest.
Blessed is he, blessed is he, blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
Hoasanna, hosanna, hosanna in the highest.
The prayer of leading up to the sacrament continues. At the very end of the preface, the congregation says “Therefore with angels and archangels and with all the company of heaven, we laud and magnify your most glorious name ever more praising you and singing…”. At those words the congregation joins in together to first sing the song of the angels.
In Isaiah 6, the year that king Uziah died, Isaiah saw the Lord upon his throne and around him seraphim one called to another and said: “Holy, holy, holy is the LORD of hosts; the whole earth is full of his glory!” (Is. 6:3) This is the first line of the Sanctus. In fact it is where the name comes from. Sanctus is Latin for “holy”, for example sanctification is the process of being made holy.
The Sanctus just as Is. 6:3, begins with a three-fold “holy” thus reflecting a Trinitarian worship. By singing the song of the angels and having heard the words of the preface, heaven as coming down to us. We are in indeed joining in with the company of heaven.
Then the canticle becomes more specific as it points us to Christ. The second half of the canticle is taken from Palm Sunday. Whereas the Sanctus is the song of angels, the second half is the song of men, women, and children crowding the seats of Jerusalem. As they gather for the arrival of Jesus upon a donkey “The crowds that went before him and that followed him were shouting, “Hosanna to the Son of David! Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord! Hosanna in the highest!”” (Matt. 21:9)
Now there is actually some connection between these two events in scripture. This connection can best be found in John 12. In John’s account of Jesus’ triumphal entry on that first Palm Sunday he says quotes the prophet saying, “Fear not, daughter of Zion; behold, your king is coming, sitting on a donkey’s colt!” (Jn. 12:15) Later in the chapter John says, “Isaiah said these things because he saw his glory and spoke of him.” (Jn. 12:41) Where did Isaiah see Jesus’ glory? He saw it in Isaiah 6, in the year that king Uziah died.
This connection should further color the sanctus. By John (and now the liturgy) connecting these two scenes of scripture it should paint the scriptures. Our king sat upon a throne surrounded by Seraphim singing, “Holy, holy, holy…”. Now, he comes to you in human flesh in the midst of human flesh, bearing his own flesh, humble and seating on the colt of a donkey.
Therefore, just as Jesus who is true God and true man dwelled amongst us humans, so also he dwells amongst us in the Divine Service. Especially within the context of the Lord’s Supper. For at the Lord’s Supper, the body and blood of Christ is truly present, in, with, and under the bread and wine. The body and blood are 100% present. The bread and wine are 100% present. Just as Christ is 100% true man and 100% true God. The Sanctus serves to communicates this.
Lord’s Prayer
Our Father who art in heaven
Hallowed by thy name
Thy kingdom come
Thy will be done on Earth as it is in heaven
Give us this day our daily bread
And forgive us our trespasses as we forgive those who trespass against us
But lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
*For thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever and ever. Amen.
*This last part of the prayer wasn’t originally recorded, nor is it in the scriptural account of the prayer.
The Lord’s Prayer as it is recorded in the New Testament can be found in Matthew 6:9-13. The translation of the Lord’s Prayer has been maintained as the traditional saying throughout the church for a long time. Which is a good practice of the church, the reason I consider it to be a good practice is because this makes it knowable and recognizable across denominations. There is not a lot that is held in complete common between Lutherans, Methodists, Catholics, Episcopalians, etc., but the translation of the Lord’s Prayer is one of those things.
The one exception is that the ending of the prayer differs from Protestants, Roman Catholics, and Easter Orthodox. The ending which I put an asterisk next to is not included in the Roman form. The Eastern Orthodox and most protestants conclude with a doxology (“words of praise”). The Eastern Orthodox end with “Blessed is the kingdom of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, now and ever, and unto the ages of ages. Amen.” Protestants conclude the prayer as I pointed up above.
The influence for these endings comes from Jewish practice. It was of practice in Judaism to end all of your prayers with a doxology. The Christians carried over this practice, the Orthodox were strictly Trinitarian in their ending (which I actually do like better), and the protestants ended with more ambiguous doxology as you see above.
To better understand the Lord’s Prayer itself, I recommend that you look at Luther’s Small and Large Catechism’s, which I have linked.
As far as the placement in the service is concerned, the Lord’s prayer concludes the prayer of the sacrament that began with the preface. The Lord’s prayer just as the Preface thru the first half of the Sanctus, prays that God comes down to us. In the Lord’s Prayer we pray that he comes down to us and bless us physically (daily bread), and spiritually (And forgive us…). We also pray that he strengthen us and preserve us in the faith (lead us not…deliver us…).
Words of Institution
See…Luther’s Small & Large Catechism for information regarding the words of institution and the Lord’s Supper itself. However, its placement immediately after the prayer is almost an answer to our prayers. That we are blessed physically & spiritually, and we strengthened and preserved in the Lord’s Supper to come.
Pax Domini
P: “The Peace of the Lord be with you always.”
C: And also with you or
Amen. (Which response is better is debatable)
Key verses: John 20:19-21 & Matt. 28:20
Since the earliest days of the church a kiss of peace has been exchanged. Evidence can even be found in 1 Peter 5:14 when he says, “Greet one another with the kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ.” Writings of the church fathers and most of the existent church liturgies speak of a kiss of peace.
Originally this was placed right before the offering as a sign to show who should be present in the church and who shouldn’t be. (Almost like a secret hand-shake…the early church was very, very protective of the Service of the Sacrament due to the wide-spread persecutions.) This kiss of peace in particular was used and seen in contrast of the kiss from Judas to Jesus as a kiss of betrayal.
Just around the time of the reformation, the kissing element was replaced with the Pax Domini which is Latin for “Peace of the Lord”. This is now placed at right before the Sacrament of the Altar (at LOLC we place it at the start of the service). The purpose of placing it at the start of the service is to first say that you the Peace of the Lord is with you always.
This statement from the pastor is not a wishful statement. To be at peace with the Lord is to be forgiven and to be in agreement with him. Therefore, the Pax Domini is the Gospel in a sentence. That Jesus Christ, the blessed Son of God, suffered, died, and rose from the grave, therefore you are at peace with the Lord. This peace that is Jesus himself is with you always even unto the end of the ages.
The Congregation has responded either by saying, “Amen”. “Amen” means “This is most certainly true” just as Luther says in his meanings of the Creeds. In other words, saying amen is almost a vote of confidence from the congregation, that the Peace of the Lord is indeed with them always.
The Congregation can also respond by saying, “And also with you.” This is also appropriate for the pastor is not sinless, and the assurance that the “Peace of the Lord is with him always” is good for him to hear as well.
After having said this the congregation exchanges the peace as a sign of goodwill towards one another. It is a way of saying, “Whatever way you have wronged me in the past, I forgive therefore I am delighted to partake of this blessed sacrament with you.”
For you see the Lord’s Supper is not just between you and God. It is between God, you, and everyone else partaking of the Supper. If you are in a bitter squabble with someone, and you can’t forgive that person. You should not partake of the supper. Note: 1 Cor. 10-11.
The by saying, Peace be with you to someone, you are saying, “I forgive you. Lets go get something to eat together.”
And you will go together to the Lord’s table, where you will partake of the body and blood of Christ, which grants you peace.
Agnus Dei
Lamb of God you take away the sin of the world.
Have mercy on us.
Lamb of God you take away the sin of the world.
Have mercy on us.
Lamb of God you take away the sin of the world.
Grant us peace.
Key verse: John 1:29
“The knowledge that Christ is in the incarnate presence of Christ elicits a response from the congregation. She has heard His words spoken over the bread and the cup; she has seen Him in the Sacrament displayed at the elevation; and she has received His greeting of “peace be with you” in the Pax Domini. Now she confesses her faith that He is truly present in the Sacrament and prays His blessing: “O Christ, the Lamb of God you take away the sin of the world, have mercy upon us… grant us Your peace.”
“The words the Church chants are borrowed from St. John the Baptist and echo his own confession of Christ as the Paschal Lamb who would bear the sins of the whole world through his suffering and death. Now the church prays that she may receive the benefits of His sacrifice in the New Testament Supper He offers at the altar; that the forgiveness and peace announced to her just moments before in the Pax might now be bestowed through the eating and drinking of Christ’s flesh and blood. Praying to Christ as the “Lamb of God” also connects her to the worship of the heavenly church, a worship centered on the Lamb who was slain (Rev. 5:6 & Rev. 7)” (Kind, David A.. About Our Liturgy: Meaning, History, and Practice. Minneapolis: Musolf Press, 2003.)
NEXT: Post-Communion Canticle thru end of service (Vicar’s final blog)
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